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Category: Issue 6 2025

Establishing NATO’s “East Shield”

The situation on the Polish eastern border has demonstrated that threats to Poland and the European Union are no longer purely military. Hybrid warfare directed westwards is made up of a composite of orchestrated migration, cyberattacks, disinformation and acts of border sabotage. This complex threat landscape demands an equally sophisticated and multidimensional response.

December 8, 2025 - Alicja Zyguła Tomasz Stępniewski

When grief becomes routine

After the start of the full-scale invasion, I began recording the first stories of those affected by the war. Every conversation struck me. The pain of others, which I had to let pass through me, was so exhausting that I still do not remember what happened to me in those months. Over the course of three years, I wrote down more than 200 stories. I remember each of them. They are a huge part of my consciousness.

December 8, 2025 - Polina Vernyhor

Taking Ukraine’s corruption seriously

Ukraine’s fight against corruption has become a cornerstone of both its democratic transformation and EU integration efforts. The current political establishment rose to power with Zelenskyy’s campaign promise of zero tolerance for corruption. Yet, despite undeniable progress in the last few years, it remains deeply systemic and persistent.

December 8, 2025 - Alessandro Vitiello

Ukraine’s education reform amidst the war

In Ukraine, the new school curriculum allocates between 70 and 105 hours per school year to civic education and history for fifth to eighth grade pupils. This amounts to just one hour per week for Ukrainian history, half an hour for world history and half an hour for civic education. In Russia, the situation is the reverse.

December 8, 2025 - Oleksii Lionchuk

A test of Sandu’s success

Have Moldova’s ruling leaders correctly interpreted the outcome of the recent elections? If they take the results as proof of their own infallibility and political invincibility, the country’s European path could encounter serious obstacles. This is especially true as Russia may change its approach towards Moldova. And that is hardly good news.

December 8, 2025 - Piotr Oleksy

Moldova’s pro-West forces need to set a new agenda

In the September 2025 parliamentary elections, Moldova’s pro-West Action and Solidarity Party won with 50.20 per cent. During the campaign the party promised nothing new, and it appears to have been enough. In the end, Moldovans voted for no change and trusted the current set of affairs. The new goal is to sign the EU accession treaty by 2028 and for this to happen, a set of ambitious reforms should be implemented and the government should look beyond adopting new European laws.

December 8, 2025 - Dan Nicorici

Shifting ground in Russia–Azerbaijan relations

The tensions between Moscow and Baku seemed to thaw in Dushanbe this past October, as Vladimir Putin and Ilham Aliyev met for the first time since the catastrophic downing of an Azerbaijani passenger jet last year. In a rare gesture, Putin offered a guarded apology – a move seen as an attempt to halt months of escalating hostility. Yet, beneath the optics of reconciliation, the meeting revealed the limits of the two leaders’ once pragmatic relationship.

December 8, 2025 - Murad Muradov

Putin’s goal has always been a greater Russia

An interview with Ann Linde, a Swedish politician of the Social Democratic Party and former minister for foreign affairs. Interviewer: Adam Reichardt

December 8, 2025 - Adam Reichardt Ann Linde

Our duty is to safeguard the memory of Auschwitz

A conversation with Piotr Cywiński, director of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. Interviewer: Aureliusz Marek Pędziwol

December 7, 2025 - Aureliusz M. Pędziwol Piotr Cywiński

A stop off at the gambling hall on the way to school

In rural Romania, gambling rooms stand just steps away from schools, drawing in students long before lessons start. Despite legislation banning betting halls near educational institutions, lax enforcement and local habits mean minors still find easy access – a reflection of how gambling regulation often fails to reach beyond the country’s big cities.

December 7, 2025 - Raluca Cristea

The fight to preserve Kyiv’s past and Ukraine’s future

Beneath one of Kyiv’s most iconic squares lies an archaeological site that reveals the story of Ukraine’s past and its deep Orthodox Christian roots. Despite its importance to Ukrainian identity, activists are fighting daily to protect it from corrupt developers. Their struggle takes on even greater meaning amidst the ongoing war, as Ukrainians continue to defend not only their land but also their heritage.

December 7, 2025 - Theodore Griffin

How Poland stole UK universities’ lunch in Africa

In recent years, Poland has quietly emerged as an unlikely magnet for African students, drawing thousands away from traditional destinations like the United Kingdom. Attracted by low tuition fees, accessible visas, and good educational standards, young Africans are finding in Central and Eastern Europe what Britain can no longer easily offer: affordability and opportunity.

December 7, 2025 - Ray Mwareya

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