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Belarus after the war: at a crossroads

A possible truce in Russia’s war against Ukraine, resulting in what could be a frozen conflict, looks to be the best scenario for Alyaksandr Lukashenka. On the one hand, Russia would not completely shift away from its military focus, keeping a large army near the front line and preparing for possible future operations. On the other hand, a truce could help open the door to a partial lifting of western sanctions, many of which were imposed alongside Russia.

In late 2024, the potential return of Donald Trump was perceived by the Belarusian authorities as a window of opportunity for political bargaining with the West in the shadow of the start of possible peace talks over the Russo-Ukrainian War. In order to be as prepared as possible, the Belarusian leader Alyaksandr Lukashenka held his electoral campaign six months before the end of his 2020 presidential term, right on the verge of the inauguration of the new US president.

July 8, 2025 - Pavlo Rad - AnalysisIssue 4 2025Magazine

Despite all of Minsk’s manoeuvring, the truth is that Lukashenka has put himself in a situation where any scenario that may arise risks opening a Pandora’s box regarding the fate of both his regime and Belarus itself. Photo: Fortton / Shutterstock

As a part of this, Belarus began sending signals to western countries. For example, Minsk granted amnesty to political prisoners, including three American citizens. One of these figures was released after US Deputy Assistant State Secretary Christopher W. Smith visited Belarus alongside two other officials on February 12th. 

However, efforts to establish contact with the new US presidential administration are only one part of the broader processes in Belarus’s foreign and domestic policy. The primary goal is to preserve and ensure the continued functioning of the Lukashenka regime. Its future will depend not only on the dynamics of relations with key actors such as Russia, China and the United States, but also on the outcome of Russia’s war in Ukraine. It is the result of this war that will determine how Minsk will have to respond to existing challenges and whether it will succeed in implementing its plans for the country’s transformation.  

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