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Twenty-five years on, the Yeltsin Centre shows Russia’s danger

Although I have been to the Yeltsin Centre in Yekaterinburg many times for research, about half way through my last visit, I began to feel uneasy. Videos of the coup and parliament bombings touched a nerve. How quickly the situation changed then. Images of buildings around Pushkin Square in Moscow, near where I used to work, being smashed by vandals and cars alike. Such events feel unthinkable in Moscow today. In the Yeltsin Centre, I realized just how likely they could be.

Twenty-five years ago, as Boris Yeltsin resigned from his position as president of the Russian Federation, his wife and daughter were utterly relieved. The job had taken its toll in just about every way and the Yeltsins were excited to get their family life back. But Russia and the world were stunned. It came out of the blue. What next for Russia after the chaos? Nobody knew.

May 5, 2025 - James C. Pearce - History and MemoryIssue 3 2025Magazine

Outside the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Photo: Mikhail Markovskiy / Shutterstock

Two and a half decades later, this remains an open question. The Russia that Yeltsin left behind was a very different country than it is today. One the one hand, today Russia is a more prosperous, safe, westernized and modern country, at least more than it was at any point in its history. On the other, it is an autocratic state centred around one person which ignores the 1993 constitution, invaded its neighbours, and is cut off from former allies in Europe and the West. Many of Yeltsin’s biggest supporters have fled the country, been sent to prison, or stay at home in silence. 

I visited the Yeltsin Centre in Yekaterinburg, on the banks of the Iset River, on the eve of Yeltsin’s famous New Year address. It was an overall very sobering experience. Hands down one of the best museums I have ever seen. The visit brought something home that perhaps I, and many others, have neglected: Russia is one bad day away from political chaos.

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