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The contradiction of the female figure in Belarusian politics

In the months leading up to the 2020 elections, Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s remark that the “constitution is not written for women” sparked significant public outcry. Operating within a deeply patriarchal paradigm, he rarely shies away from such sexist comments. Yet, he continuously underestimates the role of women and their potential in politics, as seen in recent Belarusian history.

Since 1994 Alyaksandr Lukashenka has held an unyielding grip on Belarus, often referring to himself as a “women’s president”. This characterization is not without purpose; he strategically appeals to specific demographics within the electorate, many of whom find themselves in vulnerable positions reliant on state social support – predominantly women. One might wonder why he still seeks voter loyalty when elections are routinely manipulated and international observers repeatedly report ballot stuffing and significant violations in vote counting. The reality is that genuine support from even a fraction of the electorate simplifies his task. It allows for less money and administrative resources to be spent on falsification and for mitigating the impacts of dishonest elections. The mass protests of 2020 arose precisely because the scale and transparency of the fraud were too blatant to ignore.

February 28, 2025 - Nasta Zakharevich - Issue 1-2 2025MagazineStories and ideas

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What has been the outcome of these protests for Lukashenka? He was compelled to turn to Russia for assistance, consequently losing a portion of both his personal independence and that of the nation. The ongoing repression within the country, four years following the election, indicates that Lukashenka does not feel entirely secure. According to Henadz Korshunau, a senior expert at the Center for New Ideas and a sociologist, a new wave of repression began in Belarus at the end of 2023 and is expected to persist at least until the end of the 2025 electoral campaign, when new presidential elections will take place. However, both opposition leaders and western politicians refuse to regard these forthcoming elections as legitimate.

Kenneth Yalowitz, the former US ambassador to Belarus, labelled the January 2025 elections as yet another farce, while opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya insisted that the repressions must cease, political prisoners be released, and all citizens be allowed to vote regardless of their country of residence. Furthermore, she emphasized that elections must occur under independent observation and adhere to OSCE standards. She also asserted that Belarus must guarantee freedom of assembly and equal access to media. “If these requirements are not met by the regime, we consider what will transpire in 2025 to be an imitation of a democratic process.”

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