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Oriental or local? Poland’s Tatar community

The Tatars of Poland remain one of the country’s most enduring ethnic minorities. Arriving in the area as early as the 14th century, this group has maintained its own distinctiveness while adapting to many wider Polish customs. This process has involved as much positive as negative developments.

Had you, 30 or 40 years ago, visited Kruszyniany, a village near the Belarusian border that is home to one of the two traditional Tatar settlements in Poland, you would have encountered the tranquil rhythm of community life centred around bayrams (a Turkic word for festivals or celebrations). In Muslim tradition, religious holidays are moments for families to gather in prayer at a mosque or a cemetery (mizar). To join their relatives in these celebrations, descendants of Tatars from all around Poland would flock to Kruszyniany. However, once the festivities were over, only a few Tatar families stayed in the village, enjoying its tranquillity and the slow pace of life.

February 28, 2025 - Michał Łyszczarz - Hot TopicsIssue 1-2 2025Magazine

The traditional Tatar wooden mosque in Kruszyniany Poland. Photo: Avillfoto / Shutterstock

 These families were the descendants of Samuel Krzeczowski, a Tatar commander whom the Polish king, Jan III Sobieski, granted landed estates in 1679. Despite this heritage, the Tatars remained a minority even in their own village, where they lived among their Polish and Belarusian neighbours. 

Paradoxically, it was the communist Polish state that created the conditions that allowed the Tatar community to become self-sufficient. Even with a small population, Kruszyniany thus had its own primary school, a library, a post office and a cooperative shop. There was also a news agent, a café at the farmer’s club, and a local bar called the Golden Horde. Additionally, there was a milk plant and a fire station.  

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