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How Russia’s full-scale invasion has accelerated the flooding of Donbas coal mines

Russia’s war in eastern Ukraine has dramatically impacted the areas that used to make up the coal mining industry. Since 2014 most of the mines on the territories of Donbas not controlled by Ukraine have been closed down and many of them subsequently began to flood. If the coal region remains in a state of uncontrolled flooding over the next five to twelve years, then two-thirds of the territory of Donbas will become uninhabitable for normal life.

Despite Russia’s full-scale invasion, the Ukrainian government remains committed to its pledge to phase out coal after 2035, the former deputy energy minister, Yaroslav Demchenkov, said in the summer of 2023. By 2021, Ukraine, as well as the country’s largest energy company, DTEK, had already joined the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA), an initiative aimed at a phased transition to carbon-free energetics. In addition, during the COP28 climate summit, German Galushchenko, the energy minister, also announced plans to create a “de-carbonized mix of Ukraine’s energy system” from renewable energy and nuclear power.

November 21, 2024 - Stanislav Storozhenko - Hot TopicsIssue 6 2024Magazine

Photo: deniks315 / Shutterstock

However, this was not always the case. Back in 2012, the government of the now fugitive former President Viktor Yanukovych declared in its ten-year energy strategy plans to increase coal production in order to reduce dependence on “imported energy carriers” – in particular Russian gas. The fate of those plans changed dramatically in 2014 with Russia’s hybrid aggression in Donbas, the largest coal region in Europe and key to Ukraine’s energy sector at the time. Most of the region’s coal mines fell into the hands of Russian-controlled forces from the self-declared “Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics” – triggering a crisis in Ukraine’s coal-dependent energy industry. For the first time since independence, the state found itself dependent on imports of all types of energy resources.

However, in spite of the permanent crisis situation in the energy sector, since 2014 there have been other important issues such as the uncontrolled flooding of mines. This has caused local “earthquakes”, gas releases to the surface, and the polluting of the water sources in Donbas. In 2022 the situation became even more dramatic, when the heads of the Russian-controlled quasi-republics asked Vladimir Putin to close most of the mines in the occupied part of Donbas, jeopardizing the global importance of the region into the future. One of the world’s largest former industrial regions, war-torn for 11 years, is now at serious risk of becoming “two-thirds uninhabitable” due to uncontrolled massive mine flooding according to a recent report.

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